{"id":32069,"date":"2026-02-01T17:04:16","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T16:04:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/oud-arabe-vs-oud-turc-guide-de-comparaison-complet-2026\/"},"modified":"2026-05-11T16:57:34","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T14:57:34","slug":"oud-arabe-vs-oud-turc-guide-de-comparaison-complet-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/oud-arabe-vs-oud-turc-guide-de-comparaison-complet-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Oud arabe vs Oud turc : Un guide de comparaison complet (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"32069\" class=\"elementor elementor-32069 elementor-31289\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-63f6e0be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"63f6e0be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dfe7c87\" data-id=\"7dfe7c87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7297afd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7297afd6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dc3a2e3 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"5dc3a2e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1407d45c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1407d45c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b7fb799\" data-id=\"1b7fb799\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a6107a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"5a6107a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\">\n<div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper text_left   ekit_heading_tablet-   ekit_heading_mobile-\">\n<h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">Arabic Oud vs Turkish Oud: A Complete Comparison Guide (2026)<\/h2>\n<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n<h2><strong>Introduction: Two Traditions, One Instrument<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">The oud (also spelled ud) is one of the most iconic fretless lute instruments in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean music. While it&rsquo;s called \u00ab\u00a0ud\u00a0\u00bb in Turkey and \u00ab\u00a0\u02bf\u00fbd\u00a0\u00bb (\u0639\u0648\u062f) in the Arab world, musicians and buyers often wonder: <strong>What&rsquo;s the actual difference between Arabic oud and Turkish oud?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">This isn&rsquo;t about which is \u00ab\u00a0better\u00a0\u00bb\u2014both traditions have produced world-class musicians and luthiers. Instead, this guide focuses on <strong>verifiable, technical differences<\/strong>: scale length, sound hole design, construction details, and how these affect playability and tone.<\/p>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Whether you&rsquo;re a beginner choosing your first oud, a collector, or a curious music lover, this comprehensive comparison will help you understand what sets these two styles apart.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>TL;DR: Quick Comparison Table<\/strong><\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>Turkish Oud<\/th>\n<th>Arabic Oud<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Scale Length<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>~58.5 cm<\/td>\n<td>~59.5 cm (~1 cm longer)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Sound Holes<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>3 holes (2 small + 1 large)<\/td>\n<td>Often 1 large hole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>String Tension<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Moderate<\/td>\n<td>Slightly higher (due to longer scale)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tone Character<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Brighter, more articulate<\/td>\n<td>Deeper, fuller bass response<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Common Repertoire<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Turkish classical, fas\u0131l<\/td>\n<td>Arabic maqam, tarab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Playing Style<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Crisp ornamentation, fast passages<\/td>\n<td>Flowing legato, vocal accompaniment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><em>Source: TDV Islamic Encyclopedia \u2013 Oud<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Historical Background: How Two Traditions Diverged<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">The oud&rsquo;s origins trace back to ancient Mesopotamia and Persia, evolving through centuries of Islamic Golden Age scholarship and Ottoman court music. By the 19th and 20th centuries, two distinct schools emerged:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Turkish School<\/strong>: Influenced by Ottoman classical music, emphasizing agility, ornamentation (trill techniques), and integration with Western notation systems.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Arabic School<\/strong>: Rooted in Egyptian, Syrian, and Iraqi traditions, prioritizing vocal accompaniment, microtonal expression, and deeper bass resonance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">These aesthetic preferences gradually shaped the physical design of the instruments themselves.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>1. Scale Length: The Foundation of Difference<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Scale length<\/strong> (the vibrating length of the string from nut to bridge) is the most critical physical parameter.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Verified Measurements:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Turkish Oud<\/strong>: Typically ~58.5 cm<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Arabic Oud<\/strong>: ~59.5 cm (approximately 1 cm longer)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><em>Source: <a class=\"break-word\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TDV Islamic Encyclopedia \u2013 Oud<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Why This Matters:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>String Tension<\/strong>: Longer scale = higher tension at the same pitch, affecting playability and finger pressure.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Tone<\/strong>: Longer scales can produce a slightly fuller, more sustained bass response.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Ergonomics<\/strong>: Players with smaller hands may find Turkish ouds more comfortable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>2. Sound Hole Design: Aesthetics Meet Acoustics<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Turkish Oud:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>3-hole design<\/strong>: Two small side holes + one larger central hole<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Covered with intricate rosette (kafes) woodwork<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Allows more controlled, focused sound projection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Arabic Oud:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>1-hole design<\/strong>: Single large sound hole (more common, though not universal)<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Often features elaborate geometric rosette patterns<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Produces a more open, resonant sound<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><em>Source: <a class=\"break-word\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TDV Islamic Encyclopedia \u2013 Oud<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Important Note:<\/strong> Modern luthiers create hybrid designs, so this isn&rsquo;t an absolute rule\u2014but it reflects traditional tendencies.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3. Construction &amp; Materials: More Similarities Than Differences<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Here&rsquo;s a crucial insight from the TDV Islamic Encyclopedia:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">\u00ab\u00a0The oud used in Turkey has almost no structural difference from ouds in other Islamic countries; the main distinctions are scale length and tuning level.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>Common Construction Elements:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Bowl (body)<\/strong>: 17-21 ribs of rosewood, walnut, or mahogany<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Soundboard (face)<\/strong>: Spruce or cedar (3-4 mm thick)<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Neck<\/strong>: Typically walnut or mahogany<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Strings<\/strong>: Nylon or PVF (modern); gut (historical)<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Pegs<\/strong>: Ebony or rosewood friction pegs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Where Preferences Differ:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Arabic ouds<\/strong>: Often use lighter, more flexible soundboards for deeper resonance<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Turkish ouds<\/strong>: May use slightly thicker soundboards for brighter attack<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><em>Source: <a class=\"break-word\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TDV Islamic Encyclopedia \u2013 Oud<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h2><strong>4. Playing Techniques &amp; Performance Style<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Turkish Oud Technique:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Risha (plectrum)<\/strong>: Stiffer, smaller pick<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Ornamentation<\/strong>: Emphasis on trills (\u00e7arpma), slides (glissando)<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Articulation<\/strong>: Crisp, clear note separation<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Repertoire<\/strong>: Pe\u015frev, saz semai, taksim (improvisation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Arabic Oud Technique:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Risha<\/strong>: Softer, more flexible pick (often made from eagle feather or plastic)<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Ornamentation<\/strong>: Vibrato (tahrir), bends, microtonal inflections<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Articulation<\/strong>: Legato, flowing phrases<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Repertoire<\/strong>: Bashraf, sama&rsquo;i, layali (vocal improvisation accompaniment)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>5. Tone &amp; Sound Character: What to Expect<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Disclaimer:<\/strong> Tone is subjective and heavily influenced by:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Luthier craftsmanship<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Wood quality and aging<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">String choice<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">Player technique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>General Tendencies (Based on Design):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Turkish Oud:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Brighter, more \u00ab\u00a0present\u00a0\u00bb midrange<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Faster attack and decay<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Excellent for fast passages and intricate ornamentation<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Cuts through ensemble settings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Arabic Oud:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Deeper, fuller bass response<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Longer sustain<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Warmer, more \u00ab\u00a0rounded\u00a0\u00bb tone<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Ideal for vocal accompaniment and slow, expressive melodies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>6. Maintenance &amp; String Care<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>String Selection:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Turkish Oud<\/strong>: Lighter gauge strings (due to shorter scale)<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Arabic Oud<\/strong>: Heavier gauge strings (to maintain proper tension)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Common String Brands:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Turkish<\/strong>: Pyramid, La Bella Turkish Oud<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Arabic<\/strong>: Pyramid Arabic Oud, Aquila Alabastro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Maintenance Tips:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Humidity<\/strong>: Keep at 45-55% to prevent soundboard cracks<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Storage<\/strong>: Use a hard case; avoid direct sunlight<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Cleaning<\/strong>: Wipe strings after playing; use lemon oil on fingerboard annually<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>Setup<\/strong>: Check bridge height and nut slots for optimal action<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\"><strong>String Changing<\/strong>: Replace strings every 3-6 months depending on playing frequency<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Common Issues &amp; Solutions:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Problem<\/th>\n<th>Cause<\/th>\n<th>Solution<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Buzzing strings<\/td>\n<td>Low bridge height or worn nut<\/td>\n<td>Adjust bridge or file nut slots<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dull tone<\/td>\n<td>Old strings or humidity issues<\/td>\n<td>Replace strings; check humidity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tuning instability<\/td>\n<td>New strings or loose pegs<\/td>\n<td>Stretch strings; apply peg compound<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Soundboard cracks<\/td>\n<td>Low humidity<\/td>\n<td>Use humidifier; consult luthier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong>7. Which Oud Should You Choose?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Choose Turkish Oud If:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You&rsquo;re learning Turkish classical music or fas\u0131l<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You prefer brighter, more articulate tone<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You have smaller hands or prefer lighter string tension<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Your teacher\/method book uses Turkish style<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You enjoy fast, intricate melodic passages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Choose Arabic Oud If:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You&rsquo;re studying Arabic maqam or tarab music<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You prefer deeper, warmer bass response<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You accompany vocalists frequently<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You want a single large sound hole aesthetic<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You favor expressive, legato playing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Consider Both If:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You&rsquo;re a collector or professional working across traditions<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You want to explore the full range of oud repertoire<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 You perform in diverse musical contexts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>What is the main technical difference between Arabic and Turkish oud?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">The most verifiable differences are: Arabic oud has a scale length ~1 cm longer (~59.5 cm) and different sound hole configuration. Turkish ouds typically feature three sound holes while Arabic ouds often have one large hole. <em>Source: <a class=\"break-word\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TDV Islamic Encyclopedia<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Does the sound hole design really matter?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Yes, traditionally\u2014Arabic ouds more commonly feature a single large sound hole, while Turkish ouds typically have three holes (two small + one large). This affects resonance and projection, though modern hybrid designs blur this distinction. <em>Source: <a class=\"break-word\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TDV Islamic Encyclopedia<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Is Turkish oud better than Arabic oud (or vice versa)?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Neither is objectively \u00ab\u00a0better.\u00a0\u00bb The choice depends on your musical tradition, tonal preference, and physical comfort. Both produce world-class instruments when crafted by skilled luthiers.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Can I play Arabic music on a Turkish oud?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Yes, absolutely! While each oud type is optimized for its tradition, skilled players can perform any repertoire on either instrument. The main adjustments are in technique and string setup.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>What&rsquo;s the best wood for an oud soundboard?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Spruce<\/strong> (brighter, more projection) or <strong>cedar<\/strong> (warmer, more sustain). Both are excellent; choice depends on tonal preference and musical style.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>How often should I change oud strings?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Every 3-6 months for regular players, or when you notice dullness in tone, discoloration, or tuning instability. Professional performers may change strings monthly.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Do I need different strings for Arabic vs Turkish oud?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Yes, generally. Arabic ouds typically use heavier gauge strings due to longer scale length, while Turkish ouds use lighter gauges. Always consult your luthier or string manufacturer&rsquo;s recommendations.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion: Celebrate the Diversity<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">The Arabic oud and Turkish oud represent two magnificent branches of the same musical tree. Their differences\u2014scale length, sound hole design, tonal character\u2014aren&rsquo;t flaws but reflections of distinct aesthetic philosophies shaped by centuries of cultural evolution.<\/p>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Key Takeaways:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-disc\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Arabic oud: ~1 cm longer scale, often single sound hole, deeper tone<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Turkish oud: Shorter scale, typically three sound holes, brighter tone<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Both share nearly identical construction; differences are in setup and tradition<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Choose based on your musical goals and playing style<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\u2705 Proper maintenance is essential for both types<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\">Whether you&rsquo;re drawn to the bright articulation of Turkish taksim or the deep warmth of Arabic tarab, the oud offers a lifetime of musical exploration. Understanding these differences helps you make an informed choice and appreciate the rich diversity of oud traditions worldwide.<\/p>\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>Ready to explore more world instruments?<\/strong> Discover our curated collection at <a class=\"break-word\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tapadum.com<\/a> and find the perfect instrument for your musical journey.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>References &amp; Further Reading<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol class=\"list-decimal\">\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>TDV Islamic Encyclopedia \u2013 Oud<\/strong> (Primary source for scale length, sound holes, and construction details)<br \/><a class=\"break-word\" href=\"https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ud<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0The Oud: Construction and Repair\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> \u2013 Richard Hankey (Luthier&rsquo;s technical guide)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0The Arabian Tone System\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> \u2013 Habib Hassan Touma (Musicological analysis)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ml-4\">\n<p class=\"first:mt-1.5!\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0Turkish Music Makam Guide\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> \u2013 Karl Signell (Turkish classical music theory)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bca8935 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1bca8935\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32a8e4d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"32a8e4d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4af39077 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4af39077\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-193b234b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"193b234b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-624c52e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"624c52e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-204463d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-video-gallery\" data-id=\"204463d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_column&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;ekit_column_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;ekit_column_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-video-gallery.default\">\n<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\">\n<div class=\"ekit-video-gallery-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<!-- filter nav --><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- filter nav --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ekit-video-gallery ekit-grid ekit-column-2 ekit-column-tablet-2 ekit-column-mobile-1 \" data-config=\"{&quot;rtl&quot;:false,&quot;arrows&quot;:false,&quot;dots&quot;:false,&quot;prevArrow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nextArrow&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;speed&quot;:1000,&quot;infinite&quot;:false,&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:4,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pauseOnMouseEnter&quot;:false,&quot;loop&quot;:false,&quot;breakpointsInverse&quot;:true,&quot;breakpoints&quot;:{&quot;360&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:1,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:10},&quot;768&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:2,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:10},&quot;1024&quot;:{&quot;slidesPerView&quot;:4,&quot;slidesPerGroup&quot;:1,&quot;spaceBetween&quot;:15}}}\">\n<div class=\"ekit-video-item  \">\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"video-link popup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UWpaWyUXBu0\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UWpaWyUXBu0?autoplay=1&#038;rel=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/UWpaWyUXBu0\/0.jpg?w=800&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Video thumb\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"video-icon icon icon-play\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"ekit-video-item  \">\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"video-link popup\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t3DElemh7KQ\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t3DElemh7KQ?autoplay=1&#038;rel=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/t3DElemh7KQ\/0.jpg?w=800&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Video thumb\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"video-icon icon icon-play\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction : Deux traditions, un instrumentL&rsquo;oud (\u00e9galement orthographi\u00e9 ud) est l&rsquo;un des instruments de luth sans frettes les plus embl\u00e9matiques de la musique du Moyen-Orient et m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne. Bien qu&rsquo;il soit&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25312,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412,219,590,411,139],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide-dachat","category-buying-guide","category-entretien-et-conseils-dinstrument","category-instruments-fr","category-uncategorized-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32069"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36172,"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32069\/revisions\/36172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25312"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.tapadum.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}